Etats-unis vers des mobilités 2.0, le cas de NYC

La récente étude réalisée par Brookings concernant l'impact des transports public sur l'emploi ou la capacité à accéder à l'emploi, ainsi que l'appel à manifestation d'intérêt lancé par la ville de New York "DriveSmart Technology" confirme que les tensions sur le prix de l'énergie libèrent des opportunités, (ré)affirment le rôle clé des données et de la gouvernance.

Brookings vient de publier "Missing Opportunity : transit and jobs in Metropolitan America". En résumé, la situation pour accéder aux lieux d'emplois n'est pas bonne avec une moyenne nationale de 30% (des personnes peuvent accéder en TC à l'emploi). Ce taux est variable en fonction des villes, et des salaires, sachant, que les faibles revenus y accèdent encore moins. Une carte interactive a été réalisée : voir ICI.

Il est proposé un certain nombre d'actions à différents niveaux (fédéral, local), pour différents acteurs. Le rôle clé des données est souligné : "However, when it comes to the question of how effectively transit connects people and jobs within and across these metropolitan areas, strikingly little is known. With governments at all levels considering deep budget cuts, it is increasingly important to understand not just the location and frequency of transit service, but ultimately how well transit aligns with where people work and live. To better understand these issues, the Metropolitan Policy Program developed a comprehensive database that provides the first comparable, detailed look at transit coverage and connectivity across and within the nation’s major metro areas".

La ville de New York vient de lancer son AMI DriveSmart Technology : Safety, money saving and time saving, technology for drivers.

Objectif : "Ways to provide driver benefits through in‐vehicle and communications technologies, software applications and related components to afford a range of services such as customized information on travel choices and cost; real‐time travel conditions; personalized feedback on recent trip‐making, and to support pay‐as‐youdrive insurance and integration of social networking and crowd sourcing. These services would help travelers make better use of the City’s extensive multimodal transportation systems, bringing benefits to them individually and in the process improving the overall efficiency of system operations. NYCDOT seeks information from interested firms on effective technology and system approaches that would accomplish these goals, taking into account the demanding New York City operating environment. NYCDOT seeks to identify how the City can help advance these technologies and services toward the goal of developing what is likely to be a multi‐jurisdictional, public‐private program. Finally, NYCDOT seeks to gauge respondents’ interest in participating in near‐term field tests of key program components."

Les bénéfices attendus pour les utilisateurs sont listés :

• Pay‐as‐you‐drive insurance through one or more industry partners;
• Software applications that provide opportunities for additional financial savings to drivers, such as personalized feedback on fuel efficiency and information on the total costs of alternative routes and modes;
• Software applications that provide “Smart Motorist” information (e.g., fastest route or most reliable route based on real‐time traffic conditions, pre‐trip traffic alerts, personalized feedback on safety, summaries of overall travel covering mileage, travel time, estimated delay, fuel usage, etc.);
• Crowd‐sourcing applications that enhance real‐time information and provide benchmarks for individual motorists to compare their fuel efficiency, travel time and cost savings and driving safety with anonymized data from other users;
• Social media applications for individual drivers and groups of drivers interested in “greening” their travel;
• Programs that provide mobility enhancement such as the ability to utilize virtual HOT lanes on current HOV facilities as well as parking payments; and
• Provisions for administering a mileage‐based pricing structure (participants will be credited for gas taxes paid).

Une fois de plus, les TIC, si elles sont pensées dans une approche systémique, peuvent changer les usages et les jeux d'acteurs : assurance, style de conduite, choix des routes, utilisation des couloirs, paiement du stationnement, et ma préférée : mileage based pricing structure. Il est donc évoqué ici la possibilité de substituer la taxe sur le carburant par une taxe à l'usage. Cette option a déjà été mentionnée dans ce blog (car très probable) … voir ICI.